INTRODUCTION & INSTRUCTIONS FOR USAGE
Language is a combination of three different elements - the real world (meaning/ concepts), plus the two subjective ones of speech (verbal sounds/ syllables) and written forms (visual symbols). All the words below have the same final sound and a regular pattern of initial letters. They are based on a sound grid I created, which sets out consonants in a progressive vertical drop at the side, followed by vowel sounds arranged by length (long or short), dipthongs (vowel sound combinations) and odd forms that follow no distinct pattern from the previous sounds they were based on (like 'oo' in wood): For instance 'A' sounds and their variants drop vertically through the pages (A/Ah/Ay or page 1 sample, page 2, page 3 etc)) and the other letters appear horizonally on the same page usually (AEIOU).
It is the purpose of this book to find and eliminate all the stumbling blocks and areas of confusion for the learner. It is my hope that my ideas for teaching English, will help simplify all language learning and ensure a global tongue develops for every race and individul across the planet - not through physical conquest of one nation by another but through education and mutual understanding of all. Like the Nicaraguan government, presently in power, I believe literacy is the key to democracy.
Sometimes people believe that because a word is spelled differenly, it means it should also be pronounced differently, this is not always the case. Do not make the mistake of thinking that the previous meaning of a word is the same as it's present one. Words can have more definitions than one and also change meaning when used in a phrase or saying. Language is a code. If you can't speak it, you're totally baffled by peoples reactions and at a loss as to how to interact with its users. Like a joke, if you don't know what the words refer to, you'll be perplexed by the punchline (A cultural/ context thing). Similarly with ideas - if you don't understand the concept hidden in the words, then you'll make no sense of it or only poorly concieve its message (misunderstand it). Context makes clear, when you are learning a language - in other words, those surrounding it in a sentence give you a clue to its meaning. Language can only be used to describe the known, that is the previously experienced. Sounds and gestures are are reactions to the unfamiliar, with raw emotion becoming the language of choice (The primal tongue).
Users of a language can abbreviate sounds so that dipthongs become monosyllabllic and long vowels, short. 'Hoy!' (What do you think you're doing) for instance or 'What?' (did you say?). As with stand-off's, with wild animals, body language and the tone of voice of the speaker will tell you the intention between the words even if not the specific meaning. Be aware also of regional and class differences for instance Liverpudlians would say 'sin-ger' where most other users would put the syllable break after the 'G' (sing-er). I have thrown together words because of this that a puritan would insist don't rhyme or only half rhyme but for reasons of simplicity in usage I felt this was necessary. You're objective is to learn patterns not individual words. Over time this structure will allow you to fit in single examples that you want to remember because you use them frequently but that as I say is not its main purpose.
Remember, things only work if you do (no effort in, no results out). It tkes courage to let go of the certain past and embrace an uncertain future - that is abandon our prejudices and return to pristine innocense (unknowing). Learning (and teaching) is slowing things down, so you can see (teach) what is happening. Skill is acquiring speed as you gain more knowledge and mastery over a subject, allowing you to show what you can do. In language this is picking up the basics (science of the subject) and over time developing artistry over it in the shape of poetry, jokes stories etc. Professionals play with words (or in fact anything else) that as an amatuer (infant) we struggle and stumble over. When we're a child we need to be guided by adults, so that they can teach us the skills of living they've developed but as an adult we become the teacher and in turn teach others.
In my opinion introduced words from other languages should be adapted to the mother tongue of their country of adoption - either through spelling or pronunciation. That way confusion doesn't occur so regularly as again they fit the language pattern of the host country. I have included proper nouns because you need to know how to spell them and also because they are some of the most common and specific words in the language (person and place). Some words have accidently been missed out but the patterns are so strong that the mind will automatically place them in context, in the columns because of their regular nature.
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EXERCISES
Repeat the words over and over again verbally, until you can say them fluently (without stumbling): Remember repitition breeds certainty. Write them until you're sure they look the same or similar to what your'e seeing (close your eyes and try to memorize them). If you're not good at writing (can't control your hand movements to shrink down to the small size of the paper) then write on a wall with paint or use wallpaper to practice large versions of what you see, using a large felt tip pen or similar. If the letters are too subjective then do drawings of their shapes and what they remind you of (S = a snake/ 1 or I = a post/ Z or 2 = a swan etc.).
Test your memory an hour after practice by writing samples again or verbally repeating the sounds of the words from memory and checking them out against the material you're learning from: Then the same material a week later, then a month later, then six months, a year etc.
Get hold of word game books (Like Word Search etc) and look for words you recognize, hidden amongst them. Find them in newspapers etc. even if you can't read most of the text and circle what you do know. Also look for words within words e.g. grape contains 'rape' and 'ape' as black contains 'lack'. Throw the words into conversation (use a dictionary to find out the meaning, if you like and repeat the definition until it sticks in your mind). When you understand the language better you'll start to pick out words and make sense of them from the other words that surround them (Context makes clear).
Your objective in these exercises is to pick out patterns, not learn individual words - that is know where to fit words you do want to remember (use regularly) and from the column layout, how to spell them should you need or want to.
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SOUND & SPELLING ALPHABETS ETC.
SONIC
B.........F..........A..........U...........I.............O............R..............1................6.................4
C.........L..........J...........Q..........Y............---
D.........M.........K..........W..........---............0
E.........N..........H..........---..........5
G.........S.........---...........2..........9
P.........X..........8
T..........Z
V.........---
---.........7
3
VISUAL
I.............Y...........O...........D............A.............S..............J
L.............X..........Q............P............V.............Z.............U
T.............K..........G............R...........W.............N
F.............H..........C............B............M............---
E............---..........---...........---...........................2
---............4...........0.............3...........................5
1.........................................8
7.........................................6
...........................................9
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
OPEN ENDINGS
G*..................Oh...................J*.....................Eye................Joy........................Ah
Gee................Jo*...................Jay...................Hi*..................Roy.......................Jar
He..................Joe...................Hay*.................High................Boy.......................Ha
Lee*................Ho*...................Hey..................Lie...................Ploy.....................Ma*
Lea.................Hoe..................Lay...................My...................Coy......................Mar
Me..................Lo....................May..................Rye..................Toy......................Ra
Knee...............Low..................Nay..................Vye...................Troy....................Tsar
V....................Mow.................Way*.................Why.............................................Ba*
We.................No.....................Weigh...............Bye*.............................................Bar
Ye..................Know.................Whey................Buy..............................................Far
B*...................Row...................Bay..................Bly...............................................Pa*
Be...................Bow...................Bray.................Fry...............................................Par
Bee.................Blow...................Fay..................Fly...............................................Car
Fee.................Flow....................Flay.................Guy.............................................Char
Free................Go......................Gay..................Pie..............................................Tar
Flee*...............Grow...................Gray.................Pry..............................................Scar
Flea................Glow................... Grey.................Ply..............................................Spar
Glee................Pro......................Pay..................Die*.............................................Star
P*....................Dough..................Pray................Dye.............................................Shah
Pea..................Crow....................Prey................Dry
Pee..................Toe*.....................Play................Cry
Pre...................Tow.....................Day.................Tie
Plea.................Throw...................Drey................Try
D*.....................Sow*....................K.....................Thy
Dee...................Sew.....................Kay..................Thigh
Key*..................Stow....................Kray.................Cy
Quay..................Snow..................Clay.................Sigh
Cree...................Show..................Tay..................Sky
T*.................................................Tray.................Scry
Tea...............................................Say..................Spy
Tee...............................................Spey.................Sty
Tree..............................................Spray................Sly
Twee.............................................Stay..................Shy
Thee.............................................Stray
Three............................................Sway
C*.................................................Slay
Sea
See
Ski
Scree
Spree
She
(*Words under the asterisk (usually one but can stretch to two, three and sometimes more) sound the same even though they are spelled differently. This causes confusion for the learner initially as logic states (but not experience) that things shouldn't be this way but follow a sensible, set pattern. The trouble is that words have different uses and different sources (English for instance is cobbled together from several other languages plus made up of archaic versions of the same words/ language). Original language source decides spelling but usage decides pronunciation (vernacular versus grammar).
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SPELLING VERSION
V........................O.....................A.......................I....................Oi.......................R
T........................Oh....................J.......................Hi..................Joy.....................Ah
C........................Dough...............K......................High................Roy...................Shah
G........................Jo....................Weigh................Sigh................Boy...................Ha
D.........................Ho...................Hey...................Lie...................Coy..................Ma
P.........................Lo....................Whey................Pie..................Toy...................Ra
B.........................No....................Prey.................Die..................Troy..................Ba
E.........................Go....................Drey.................Tie...................Ploy.................Pa
Ski.......................Pro...................Spey.................Eye........................................Bra
Quay....................Joe...................Jay...................Rye........................................Jar
He........................Hoe...................Hay..................Vye........................................Mar
Me........................Toe...................Lay..................Bye.........................................Bar
We........................Low...................May.................Dye.........................................Far
Ye.........................Mow..................Nay..................My..........................................Par
Be.........................Row...................Ray..................Why.......................................Car
Pre........................Bow...................Way..................Buy.......................................Tar
Gee.......................Tow....................Bay..................Guy.......................................Tsar
Lee........................Sow....................Fay..................Bly........................................Char
Bee........................Blow...................Gay..................Fly........................................Scar
Fee.........................Flow...................Pay..................Fry........................................Spar
Pee.........................Glow..................Day..................Pry........................................Star
Dee.........................Grow..................Kay..................Ply
Tee..........................Crow.................Tay...................Dry
See..........................Know................Say...................Cry
She..........................Stow.................Bray..................Try
Knee........................Slow..................Flay..................Thy
Free.........................Snow.................Gray..................Sky
Flee..........................Show.................Pray.................Scry
Glee..........................Throw................Play
Cree..........................Sew...................Kray
Tree...................................................Clay
Twee..................................................Tray
Thee..................................................Stay
Three.................................................Sway
Scree.................................................Slay
Spree
Lea
Pea
Tea
Sea
Flea
Plea
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
OPEN ENDINGS (CONT)
Air......................Ear.......................Lure...................Or...................Her...................How
Hair....................Jeer......................Muir...................Oar..................Were................Now
Lair.....................Hear.....................Newer.................Awe.................Burr.................Row
Mare...................Here.....................Ure.....................Jaw..................Blur.................Vow
Mayor..................Leer.....................Brewer.................Law.................Fur..................Wow
Rare....................Mere.....................Bluer...................More................Purr.................Bow
Wear....................Meer.....................Fewer.................Moor................Cur...................Brow
Where..................Near......................Fluer...................Moore..............Sir....................Prow
Yeh......................Rear......................Pure...................Nor..................Spur.................Plough
Bare.....................Vere......................Doer...................Gnaw...............Stir...................Cow
Bear.....................Weir.......................Dewar.................Raw................Slur..................Thou
Blair.....................We’re......................Cure...................Roar.......................................Sow
Blare....................Year.......................Truer...................War........................................Slough
Fare......................Beer......................Sewer..................Wore
Fair.......................Fear.......................Skewer................Bore
Flare.....................Freer.......................Sure....................Boar
Glare.....................Gear..................................................Boor
Pair.......................Peer...................................................For
Pare......................Pier....................................................Fore
Pear......................Deer...................................................Four
Prayer...................Dear....................................................Flaw
Dare......................Drear...................................................Floor
Care......................Clear...................................................Gore
Clare.....................Queer...................................................Paw
Claire.....................Cheer...................................................Pour
Chair......................Tear.....................................................Poor
Tear.......................Tier......................................................Door
Scare.....................Sear.....................................................Draw
Spare.....................Skier....................................................Drawer
Stare......................Spear...................................................Caw
Swear.....................Steer...................................................Core
Square....................Sheer...................................................Claw
Snare.................................................................................Chore
Share.................................................................................Tour
.........................................................................................Thor
.........................................................................................Thaw
..........................................................................................Saw
..........................................................................................Sore
..........................................................................................Soar
..........................................................................................Score
..........................................................................................Spore
..........................................................................................Store
..........................................................................................Straw
..........................................................................................Swore
..........................................................................................Squaw
..........................................................................................Snore
..........................................................................................Shore
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SPELLING VERSION
Yeh...................Weir...............Muir.............War..............Her...............Thou
Prayer................Pier...............Ure...............Awe.............Were.............Plough
Mayor................Tier................Lure.............Jaw..............Sir................Slough
Mare..................Skier..............Pure.............Law.............Stir................Sow
Rare..................Here...............Cure.............Raw.............Fur................Cow
Bare..................Mere...............Sure.............Paw............Cur.................How
Fare...................Vere...............Bluer............Saw............Blur................Now
Dare.................Jeer..................Fluer...........Gnaw..........Spur................Row
Care..................Leer................Truer............Flaw...........Slur.................Vow
Blare..................Meer...............Newer..........Draw...........Burr................Wow
Flare.................Beer................Brewer..........Claw...........Purr................Bow
Glare.................Peer................Fewer..........Thaw.................................Brow
Clare.................Deer................Sewer...........Straw................................Prow
Scare................Freer...............Skewer.........Squaw
Spare................Queer..............Dewar...........Drawer
Stare.................Cheer..............Doer.............Oar
Snare................Steer...................................Roar
Share................Sheer...................................Boar
Square..............Ear......................................Soar
Wear.................Hear....................................Your
Bear..................Near....................................Four
Pear..................Rear....................................Pour
Tear..................Year....................................Tour
Swear................Fear....................................Or
Air....................Gear.....................................Nor
Hair...................Dear....................................For
Lair...................Tear....................................Thor
Fair...................Sear....................................Boor
Pair...................Drear...................................Poor
Clair..................Clear....................................Door
Chair.................Spear...................................Moor
....................................................................More
....................................................................Bore
....................................................................Fore
....................................................................Gore
....................................................................Core
....................................................................Sore
....................................................................Chore
....................................................................Score
....................................................................Spore
....................................................................Store
....................................................................Swore
....................................................................Snore
....................................................................Shore
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OPEN ENDINGS (CONT)
Who
Hugh
Loo
Lew
Mew
New
Rue
View
U
You
Yew
Ewe
Zoo
Brew
Blue
Few
Flew
Flue
Grew
Glue
Pew
Pugh
Do
Due
Dew
Q
Cue
Queue
Crew
Clue
Chew
To
Too
Two
True
Threw
Through
Sue
Screw
Spew
Stew
Strew
Shoe
Shrew
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
SPELLING ARRANGEMENT
Q
You
Hugh
Pugh
Through
Do
To
Two
Who
Zoo
Too
Loo
Shoe
Rue
Due
Cue
Sue
Blue
Glue
Clue
True
Queue
Lew
Mew
New
Yew
Few
Pew
Dew
View
Brew
Flew
Grew
Crew
Chew
Spew
Stew
Threw
Strew
Shrew
Ewe
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-D ENDINGS
Ad....................Ed...............Id...................Odd....................Judd..................Heed
Add..................Jed..............Hid.................Hod.....................Mud..................Lead
Had..................Head............Lid.................Mod.....................Rudd.................Mead
Lad...................Led..............Mid................Nod......................Bud..................Need
Mad..................Lead............Rid.................Rod......................Blood................Kneed
Bad..................Med.............Bid.................Wad......................Flood................Reed
Brad.................Ned..............Grid...............Bod.......................Dud..................Read
Fad..................Red..............Did................God.......................Cud...................Weed
Gad.................Read.............Kid................Pod.......................Crud..................Bead
Grad,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Wed,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Quid,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Prod,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Thud,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Breed
Glad.................Z..................Sid................Plod.......................Spud.................Bleed
Pad..................Bed..............Skid...............Dodd.....................Stud..................Feed
Dad..................Bred.............Squid.............Cod................................................Freed
Cad..................Bread...........Slid................Clod................................................Plead
Clad..................Bled..................................Quad...............................................Deed
Chad.................Fed...................................Todd...............................................Creed
Tad...................Fred..................................Trod................................................Seed
Trad..................Fled..................................Sod.................................................Skied
Sad...................Dead.................................Squad.............................................Speed
.........................Dread................................Shod...............................................Steed
.........................Cred
.........................Ted
.........................Tread
.........................Thread
.........................Said
.........................Sped
.........................Spread
.........................Stead
.........................Sled
.........................Shed
.........................Shred
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-D ENDINGS (CONT)
Ode.................Hood....................Aid.....................I’d....................Lloyd....................Jarred
Owed*..............Wood...................Jade..................Eyed.................Void......................Hard
Lode................Would...................Laid...................Lied...................Boyd.....................Lard
Load................Good....................Maid..................Ride...................Floyd....................Marred
Mode................Pud.....................Made.................Vied...................Droid.....................Yard
Mood................Could...................Raid..................Wide..................Toyed....................Bard
Node................Stood...................Wade.................Bride..............................................Barred
Rode................Should..................Weighed............Fried...............................................Guard
Road............................................Braid.................Guide..............................................Card
Woad...........................................Blade.................Glide...............................................Charred
Bode............................................Fade..................Pied...............................................Tarred
Food............................................Frayed................Pride..............................................Scarred
Goad............................................Flayed................Plied..............................................Sparred
Code............................................Grade..................Died...............................................Starred
Toad............................................Glade..................Dyed..............................................Shard
Spode..........................................Paid....................Dried
Strode..........................................Preyed................Cried
Slowed*........................................Prayed................Chide
Snowed*.......................................Plaid...................Tide
....................................................Played................Tied
....................................................Spade.................Tried
....................................................Spayed................Side
....................................................Sprayed...............Sighed
....................................................Staid...................Spied
....................................................Stayed.................Stride
....................................................Strayed................Slide
....................................................Swayed................Snide
....................................................Suede..................Shied
....................................................Slade
....................................................Slayed
....................................................Shade
* The words in this section marked with an asterisk, could possibly be pronounced differently and may deserve a separate column of their own according to purists but I am in doubt whether they’re truly a different sound in their own right, so have classed them together because it is then open to the learner to decide for themselves if the difference is real or imaginary (the mind telling you it’s different in sound because it’s different in spelling or the ear picking up an actual difference). Accents and pronunciation differs around the country. This includes class as well as district. I have thrown together words that purists might think shouldn't belong together but in my opinion it would create more confusion to separate them (I've tried).
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-D ENDINGS (CONT)
Aired..........................Earred.....................Awed......................Hird..................Loud.....................Jude
Laird..........................Jeered.....................Jawed......................Herd................Rowed...................Lewd
Bared.........................Leered.....................Hoard......................Heard...............Vowed..................Nude
Blared........................Reared.....................Lord........................Nerd.................Bowed..................Rude
Faired.........................Veered....................Maud.......................Word................Browed.................Brood
Flared.........................Weird......................Moored....................Bird..................Ploughed..............Fued
Paired.........................Beard.....................Gnawed....................Blurred.............Proud...................Glued
Dared..........................Feared....................Roared....................Gird..................Cowed..................Prude
Cared..........................Geared...................Ward........................Curd.................Crowd..................Dude
Chaired........................Peered...................Bored.......................Third.................Cloud..................Crude
Scared........................Cleared...................Board.......................Spurred.............Stroud.................Crewed
Spared........................Cheered..................Broad.......................Stirred...............Shroud................Clued
Stared.........................Speared..................Ford............................................................................Chewed
Squared.......................Steered..................Fraud...........................................................................Psued
Snared.........................Sheered.................Flawed.........................................................................Skewed
Shared......................................................Floored.........................................................................Screwed
................................................................Gored...........................................................................Spewed
................................................................Pawed..........................................................................Stewed
................................................................Poured..........................................................................Shoed
................................................................Cord..............................................................................Shrewd
................................................................Chord
................................................................Clawed
................................................................Toured
................................................................Sword
................................................................Soared
................................................................Scored
................................................................Stored
................................................................Snored
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
SPELLING
Z........................Skied...................Ode........................Aid........................Eyed......................Hard
Said...................Heed....................Lode.......................Laid.......................Lied........................Lard
Head..................Need....................Mode......................Maid......................Vied.......................Yard
Lead...................Kneed..................Node......................Raid.......................Fried.......................Bard
Read..................Reed....................Rode......................Braid......................Pied........................Guard
Dead..................Weed...................Bode.......................Paid......................Plied........................Card
Dread..................Breed..................Code.......................Plaid.....................Died.........................Shard
Tread..................Bleed..................Spode.....................Staid......................Dried.......................Jarred
Thread.................Feed..................Strode.....................Suede....................Cried.......................Marred
Spread................Freed..................Owed......................Jade......................Tied.........................Barred
Stead..................Deed...................Slowed...................Made.....................Tried.........................Charred
Ed......................Creed...................Snowed..................Wade....................Spied........................Tarred
Jed.....................Seed....................Load.......................Blade...................Shied........................Scarred
Led....................Speed....................Road......................Fade....................Sighed......................Sparred
Med...................Steed....................Woad......................Grade...................Ride.........................Starred
Ned....................Lead.....................Goad.......................Glade...................Wide
Red....................Mead....................Toad.......................Spade...................Bride
Wed....................Read....................Mood......................Slade....................Guide
Bed.....................Bead....................Brood.....................Shade...................Glide
Bred....................Plead....................Food......................Frayed...................Pride
Bled..............................................................................Flayed...................Chide
Fed...............................................................................Preyed...................Tide
Fred..............................................................................Prayed...................Stride
Fled..............................................................................Played....................Slide
Cred..............................................................................Spayed...................Snide
Ted...............................................................................Sprayed
Sped.............................................................................Stayed
Sled..............................................................................Strayed
Shed.............................................................................Swayed
Shred............................................................................Slayed
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
SPELLING (CONT)
Laird.........................Weird...........................Lord..........................Word........................Loud...................Brood
Aired.........................Beard..........................Ford..........................Curd.........................Proud.................Shoed
Faired........................Earred........................Cord...........................Blurred.....................Cloud.................Shrewd
Paired........................Reared.......................Chord.........................Spurred....................Stroud................Stewed
Chaired......................Feared........................Sword.........................Hird..........................Shroud...............Spewed
Bared........................Geared........................Bored..........................Bird..........................Ploughed............Skewed
Blared.......................Cleared........................Gored..........................Gird.........................Rowed................Screwed
Flared.......................Speared.......................Scored........................Third........................Vowed.................Chewed
Dared........................Jeered.........................Stored.........................Stirred......................Bowed................Crewed
Cared........................Leered.........................Snored........................Nerd.........................Browed................Fued
Scared......................Veered.........................Moored.......................Herd.........................Cowed.................Glued
Spared......................Peered.........................Floored.......................Heard.......................Crowd..................Clued
Stared.......................Cheered.......................Board....................................................................................Psued
Squared.....................Steered.......................Hoard....................................................................................Jude
Snared.......................Sheered......................Roared..................................................................................Nude
Shared.........................................................Soared..................................................................................Rude
...................................................................Poured...................................................................................Prude
...................................................................Toured...................................................................................Dude
...................................................................Fraud
...................................................................Ward
...................................................................Jawed
..................................................................Gnawed
..................................................................Flawed
..................................................................Pawed
..................................................................Clawed
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-L ENDINGS
Al..........................Hell.....................Ill....................Loll.....................Hull....................Eel
Hal........................Mell....................Jill...................Moll.....................Lull....................Heel
Val........................Nell.....................Hill..................Poll.....................Mull....................Heal
Gal........................Knell...................Mill..................Doll.....................Gull....................Meal
Pal........................Well....................Nil....................Col......................Dull....................Kneel
Sal.........................Yell....................Will..................Troll....................Cull.....................Neal
Shall.......................Bell....................Bill..................Sol......................Skull...................Neil
...............................Fell...................Brill.......................................................................Reel
...............................Dell...................Fill........................................................................Real
...............................Dwell.................Frill.......................................................................Veal
...............................Quell.................Gill........................................................................Wheel
...............................Tell...................Grill.......................................................................Zeal
...............................Sell...................Pill........................................................................Beale
...............................Spell.................Dill.........................................................................Feel
...............................Swell.................Drill.......................................................................Peel
...............................Smell................Kill.........................................................................Peal
...............................Snell.................Quill.......................................................................Deal
...............................Shell.................Chill........................................................................Keel
.......................................................Till..........................................................................Creel
.......................................................Twill........................................................................Teal
.......................................................Thrill........................................................................Seal
........................................................Sill..........................................................................Spiel
........................................................Skill........................................................................Steel
........................................................Spill........................................................................Steal
........................................................Still.........................................................................Squeal
........................................................Swill
........................................................Shrill
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
-L ENDINGS (CONT)
Wool.......................Ale..........................Aisle...................Oil........................Hole......................All
Bull.........................Jail.........................Mile.....................Royal....................Whole...................Awl
Full.........................Hail.........................Nile.....................Boil.......................Mole.....................Haul
Pull.........................Hale........................Rile.....................Foil........................Noe.....................lHall
...............................Mail........................Vile.....................Doyle.....................Roll......................Maul
...............................Male.......................While...................Coil.......................Role......................Wall
...............................Nail.........................Bile.....................Toil........................Vole.....................Ball
...............................Rail.........................File.....................Soil........................Bowl.....................Bawl
...............................Veil.........................Pile.....................Spoil......................Foal......................Fall
...............................Vale........................Dial..................................................Fool......................Gall
..............................Whale......................Dwile...............................................Goal......................Gaul
..............................Wail........................Kyle.................................................Ghoul.....................Paul
..............................Yale........................Tile...................................................Pole......................Pall
..............................Bail.........................Trial..................................................Pool......................Drawl
..............................Bale........................Stile..................................................Dole......................Call
..............................Braille......................Style.................................................Droll.....................Crawl
..............................Fail.........................Smile.................................................Coal.....................Tall
..............................Frail.................................................................................Cool.....................Trawl
..............................Flail.................................................................................Sole......................Thrall
..............................Gail.................................................................................Soul.......................Saul
..............................Gale................................................................................School...................Scrawl
..............................Grail.................................................................................Scroll.....................Sprawl
..............................Pail.................................................................................Spool......................Stall
..............................Pale................................................................................Stole.......................Squall
.............................Dale..................................................................................Stool
.............................Kale..................................................................................Stroll
.............................Quail.................................................................................Shoal
.............................Quale
.............................Tail
.............................Tale
.............................Trail
.............................Sail
.............................Sale
.............................Scale
.............................Stale
.............................Snail
.............................Shale
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
-L ENDINGS (CONT)
Earl....................Owl....................Jewel
Hurl....................Jowl...................Newell
Whirl...................Howl..................Rule
Girl.....................Vowel.................Fuel
Pearl...................Bowel................Gruel
Curl.....................Foul...................Duel
Twirl....................Fowl...................Dual
Swirl...................Growl..................Drool
Shirl....................Prowl..................Cruel
...........................Dowel.................Tool
...........................Cowel.................Sewell
...........................Towel
...........................Trowel
...........................Scowl
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
SPELLING
Spiel..................Ale..................Hole...................All...................Earl....................Tool
Neil...................Hale................Whole.................Hall..................Pearl..................Drool
Eel....................Male................Mole..................Wall..................Hurl...................Rule
Heel..................Vale.................Role...................Ball..................Curl...................Dual
Kneel................Whale..............Vole....................Fall..................Girl....................Duel
Wheel................Yale................Pole....................Gall.................Whirl...................Fuel
Feel...................Bale................Dole....................Pall..................Twirl..................Gruel
Peel..................Gale.................Sole...................Call...................Swirl.................Cruel
Keel..................Pale.................Stole...................Tall...................Shirl.................Jewel
Creel.................Dale.................Coal....................Thrall........................................Newell
Steel.................Kale.................Foal.....................Stall.........................................Sewell
Heal..................Quale...............Goal.....................Haul
Meal..................Tale.................Shoal...................Maul
Neal..................Sale..................Noel....................Gaul
Real..................Scale................Soul.....................Paul
Veal..................Stale.................Bowl....................Saul
Zeal..................Shale.................Roll.....................Squall
Peal..................Veil....................Droll....................Awl
Deal..................Jail....................Scroll...................Bawl
Teal...................Hail...................Stroll....................Brawl
Seal...................Mail.................*Fool.....................Drawl
Steal..................Nail..................*Pool.....................Crawl
Squeal...............Rail..................*Cool.....................Trawl
Beale.................Bail..................*School.................Scrawl
.........................Fail..................*Spool...................Sprawl
.........................Frail.................*Stool
.........................Flail
........................Gail
........................Grail
........................Pail
........................Quail
........................Tail
........................Sail
........................Snail
........................Braille
* The words in this section would be pronounced differently from the others in the list, in Liverpool, rhyming with ‘Rule”.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
COMPOUND WORDS*
BackboneAirman
Backchat...........................Airforce..................Blackball.................Archway...............Bloodhound.................Bedpan
Backcloth..........................Airhead...................Blackbird................Archduke..............Bloodshed...................Bedrock
Backdrop...........................Airbrush..................Blackboard.............Archenemy...........Bloodshot....................Bedroom
Backdrop...........................Aircraft....................Blackhead..............Archbishop...........Bloodsucker................Bedsit
Backdate...........................Airfield....................Blackleg.................Archdeacon..........Bloodthirsty.................Bedridden
Backfire.............................Airlift.......................Blacklist
Background........................Airline.....................Blackmail
Backlash............................Airlock....................Blackout
Backlog.............................Airport.....................Blacksmith
Backpack..........................Airship
Backside...........................Airspace
Backslide..........................Airstrip
Backstage.........................Airtight
Backstroke
Backtrack
Backup
Backwash
Backwoods
Backwater
(*Compounds are two separate words joined together thathave meaning of their own as halves - notto be confused with prefixes and suffixes, that usually don't (modify meaning in same way throughout list of words, which compounds may not, creating classes of things (objective or subjective).
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL
DUAL PRONUNCIATION WORDS
Lead (metal)..............................Tear (rip).........................Wind (breeze)....................Lead (take charge)
Lead (take charge).....................Tear(cry).........................Wind (reel in).....................Lead (metal)
Wound (hurt).............................Polish (shine)...................Row (line)..........................Wind (air)
Wound (past of wind).................Polish (from Poland)..........Row (fight)........................Wind (reel in)
Bow (weapon)............................Sow (stitch)......................Bass (fish)........................Live (act)
Bow (bend)................................Sow (female pig)...............Bass (low voice)................Live (happening now)
Buffet (lunch)..............................Project (plan)...................Minute (small)...................Second (time)
Buffet (toss)................................Project (stick forward)......Minute (time).....................Second (transfer)
Record (cd).................................Desert (wasteland)............Present (show)..................Refuse (decline)
Record (duplicate)........................Desert (leave)...................Present (gift).....................Refuse (waste)
Reading (looking at)......................Buffet (toss)......................Project (plan)....................Pasty (pale)
Reading (town)..............................Buffet (meal).....................Project (stick out)..............Pasty (pie)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Use (noun)..................................Close (noun)....................Grease (noun).....................House (noun)
Use (verb)...................................Close (verb).....................Grease (verb)......................House (verb)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
SILENT LETTERS
knife..................tomb...............wrap...............balm.............gnat
knight................womb..............write...............calm.............gnash
knee..................lamb...............wrong..............talk..............gnaw
kneel..................limb...............wreath.............walk..............gnome
knead.................bomb.............wreck..............stalk..............gnarled
knock.................climb..............wren...............chalk
knot....................comb.............wrench............calf
knob...................numb.............wrestle............half
knoll...................dumb.............wretch
know..................plumb.............wriggle
knave.................thumb.............wring
knell...................crumb.............wrist
knit.....................Jamb..............wrinkle
knack
knew
knuckle
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
FOREIGN AND ARCHAIC WORDS
acre....................rough...................archive..................buffet................suede....................scheme
meagre................tough...................archetype...............ballet................suave....................school
ogre....................cough...................architect.................chalet...............suite.....................schism
fibre....................laugh....................archaic...................duvet................persuade................schedule
sabre..................trough.................................................crochet..........................................schizoid
sombre...............gough
metre..................enough
sceptre
litre
spectre
macabre
theatre
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
SHORT FORMS
INITIALS...............MIXED^...............B.M.G.*............BEGINNINGS...........NAMES+..............MIXED>
.
AA........................M1......................Lt.....................Col...........................NATO...................U-Boat
PM........................A1......................Sgt...................Maj...........................OPEC...................U-Turn
MP........................M6.....................Cpl....................Gen..........................NALGO.................C-Section
MC.........................V1.....................Cpn..................Brig...........................NATSOPA............T-Junction
BC.........................V2.....................Pte....................Rev...........................FTSE...................L-Plate
AD ........................M66...................Dr......................Brit...........................UNESCO..............A-Bomb
WC........................A54....................Ch.....................Fem..........................NAAFI..................E-Number
IQ..........................B12....................St......................Hist..........................NATO...................H-Bomb
BT.........................F111...................Rd.....................Psych.......................RAM....................X-Ray
PS.........................MI5.....................Hse...................Med..........................ROM...................E-Boat
AM........................MI6.....................Ft......................Sci............................RAM...................X-Factor
SS........................SW1....................Yd.....................Scot..........................RADAR................D-Day
DJ.........................NW6....................Mr.....................Esq............................SONAR...............T-Square
UK........................CO2.....................Mrs....................Ed.............................ASAP
AC........................UB40....................Ms....................Sept...........................APEX
DC....................................................Pt......................Oct............................AWOL
JP....................................................Ltd.....................Nov............................UEFA
UN..............................................................................Dec............................ANZAC
MC.............................................................................Jan.............................FIFA
CD..............................................................................Feb............................NASA
BBC............................................................................Mar.............................SIDS
ITV..............................................................................Apr.............................TEFL
RAC.............................................................................Aug............................VAT
DSO
GHQ
CIA
PLC
ETA
OBE
MBE
GMT
IVF
IMF
HRH
DDT
GHQ
OTT
BSC
MOD
NHS
BSE
USA
RAF
FBI
IRS
TLC
DVD
HGV
DIY
ESP
JCB
YMCA
MRSA
USSR
RSPCA
NSPCC
(^letters/ numbers.........*beginnings, middles & ends..........+from initial letters............>letters/ names)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
The other volumes in the series progress through multisyllable words, split into sylables for ease of learning and that slips into grammar through inflection, displaying verb forms, regular and irregular; progressive sequences e.g. suppress/ suppression/ suppressive; tenses etc. (Vol 2). Volume three covers meaning from classes of objects, through to scales, synonyms and a general description of the concrete and subjective worlds. Volume four covers phrasal verbs and other word combinations, to start building up sentence forms. Volume five is about colloquill English and rhyming slang as an adjunct as these throw logic and previous knowledge of the language out the window. The other two volumes cover similar forms of words as spelling roots, and progressive expansions of particular words through their various grammatical forms and meanings (nouns/ verbs/ adverbs/ adjectives). The junior volume introduces the language in a looser more fun way - with less material and arranged in different, more memorable ways for the junior mind.
